(English_(US)_MFA_dictionary_v3_1_0)= # English (US) MFA dictionary v3.1.0 ``````{dictionary} English (US) MFA dictionary v3.1.0 :id: "English (US) MFA dictionary v3_1_0" :tags: English;MFA;IPA :language: "English" :dialect: US :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Dental - Alveolar - Alveopalatal - Palatal - Velar - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 13284 * Examples * mates: [m ej t s] * brims: [b ɹ ɪ m z] * mice: [m aj s] * worm: [w ɝ m] * mʲ * Occurrences: 2355 * Examples * mused: [mʲ ʉː z d] * roomy: [ɹ ʉː mʲ i] * mini: [mʲ ɪ ɲ i] * myth: [mʲ ɪ θ] * m̩ * Occurrences: 22 * Examples * 'em: [m̩] * them: [m̩] * from: [f ɹ m̩] * some: [s m̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɱ * Occurrences: 1 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 26910 * Examples * kiln: [cʰ ɪ ɫ n] * shin: [ʃ ɪ n] * wrens: [ɹ ɛ n z] * mansi: [m ɑː n s i] * n̩ * Occurrences: 170 * Examples * then: [d̪ n̩] * went: [w n̩] * isn't: [ɪ z n̩ t] * taken: [tʰ ej k n̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 5242 * Examples * sonya: [s ow ɲ ə] * nimoy: [ɲ iː m ɔj] * menus: [m ɛ ɲ ʉ z] * nab: [ɲ æ b] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 6200 * Examples * tring: [tʲ ɹ ɪ ŋ] * eng: [ɛ ŋ] * sang: [s æ ŋ] * anger: [æ ŋ ɡ ɚ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 6858 * Examples * crip: [c ɹ ɪ p] * plump: [p l ɐ m p] * apsis: [æ p s ɪ s] * proby: [p ɹ ow bʲ i] * pʲ * Occurrences: 1255 * Examples * vapid: [v ej pʲ ɪ d] * jumpy: [dʒ ɐ m pʲ i] * lipid: [ʎ ɪ pʲ ɪ d] * aping: [ej pʲ ɪ ŋ] * pʷ * Occurrences: 8 * Examples * puy: [pʷ iː] * voiced * b * Occurrences: 8119 * Examples * buys: [b aj z] * oboe: [ow b ow] * box: [b ɑ k s] * bloke: [b l ow k] * bʲ * Occurrences: 1831 * Examples * digby: [dʲ ɪ ɟ bʲ i] * kirby: [kʰ ɝ bʲ i] * cosby: [kʰ ow z bʲ i] * belay: [bʲ iː l ej] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t̪ * Occurrences: 90 * Examples * death: [d ɛ t̪] * thick: [t̪ ɪ k] * bath: [b æ t̪] * thing: [t̪ ɪ n] * voiced * d̪ * Occurrences: 52 * Examples * there: [d̪ ɛ ɹ] * the: [d̪ iː] * them: [d̪ ɛ m] * with: [w ɪ d̪] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 17839 * Examples * gut: [ɡ ɐ t] * admit: [ə d mʲ ɪ t] * shaft: [ʃ æ f t] * that: [æ t] * tʲ * Occurrences: 7179 * Examples * still: [s tʲ ɪ ɫ] * teach: [tʲ iː tʃ] * patty: [pʰ æ tʲ i] * gated: [ɟ ej tʲ ɪ d] * tʷ * Occurrences: 108 * Examples * tweed: [tʷ iː d] * twirl: [tʷ ɝ ɫ] * fatwa: [f ɑ tʷ ɑ] * twist: [tʷ ɪ s t] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 14110 * Examples * dagon: [d ej ɡ ɑ n] * drama: [d ɹ ɑ m ə] * embed: [ɛ m b ɛ d] * winds: [w ɪ n d z] * dʲ * Occurrences: 4360 * Examples * dukes: [dʲ ʉː k s] * dish: [dʲ ɪ ʃ] * mundy: [m ɐ n dʲ i] * ferdy: [f ɝ dʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 3266 * Examples * shaky: [ʃ ej c i] * skin: [s c ɪ n] * corky: [kʰ ɒ ɹ c i] * cribs: [c ɹ ɪ b z] * cʷ * Occurrences: 348 * Examples * quin: [cʷ ɪ n] * kweli: [cʷ ɛ ʎ i] * quick: [cʷ ɪ k] * equip: [ɪ cʷ ɪ p] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 1982 * Examples * mcgee: [m ə ɟ iː] * givin: [ɟ ɪ vʲ ɪ n] * soggy: [s ɑ ɟ i] * bogie: [b ow ɟ i] * ɟʷ * Occurrences: 55 * Examples * gwent: [ɟʷ ɛ n t] * gwen: [ɟʷ ɛ n] * guido: [ɟʷ i d ow] * gwilt: [ɟʷ ɪ ɫ t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 9757 * Examples * exo: [ɛ k s ow] * shuck: [ʃ ɐ k] * mink: [mʲ ɪ ŋ k] * sark: [s ɑː k] * kʷ * Occurrences: 418 * Examples * equal: [iː kʷ ɫ̩] * quart: [kʷ ɒ ɹ t] * kwame: [kʷ ɑ m ej] * quay: [kʷ ej] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 3806 * Examples * imago: [ɪ m ɑ ɡ ow] * brieg: [b ɹ iː ɡ] * rig: [ɹ ɪ ɡ] * borg: [b ɒ ɹ ɡ] * ɡʷ * Occurrences: 48 * Examples * guan: [ɡʷ ɑ n] * guam: [ɡʷ ɑ m] * segue: [s ɛ ɡʷ ej] * guano: [ɡʷ ɑː n ow] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 74 * Examples * mmhm: [m̩ ʔ m̩] * error: [ɝ ʔ ɚ] * putin: [pʲ ʉː ʔ ə n] * 're: [ʔ ɚ] ``` * - {submanner}`Aspirated` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * pʰ * Occurrences: 4358 * Examples * pampa: [pʰ æ m p ə] * parti: [pʰ ɑ ɹ tʲ i] * piss: [pʰ ɪ s] * poem: [pʰ ow m̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʰ * Occurrences: 3777 * Examples * tuple: [tʰ ɐ p ə ɫ] * toxin: [tʰ ɑ k s ɪ n] * taped: [tʰ ej p t] * told: [tʰ ow ɫ d] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * cʰ * Occurrences: 2294 * Examples * cute: [cʰ ʉː t] * kept: [cʰ ɛ p t] * cali: [cʰ æ ʎ i] * qaeda: [cʰ ej d ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * kʰ * Occurrences: 4327 * Examples * cone: [kʰ ow n] * baku: [b ɑː kʰ ʉː] * calm: [kʰ ɒː m] * corso: [kʰ ɒ ɹ s ow] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʃ * Occurrences: 2544 * Examples * chip: [tʃ ɪ p] * roach: [ɹ ow tʃ] * dench: [d ɛ n tʃ] * gooch: [ɡ ʉː tʃ] * voiced * dʒ * Occurrences: 3607 * Examples * jules: [dʒ ʉː ɫ z] * jakie: [dʒ ej c i] * lunge: [l ɐ n dʒ] * jonny: [dʒ ɑ ɲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 27855 * Examples * macs: [m æ k s] * sook: [s ʊ k] * leeks: [ʎ iː k s] * slot: [s l ɑː t] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 12973 * Examples * izzie: [ɪ z i] * ruins: [ɹ ʉ ɪ n z] * noisy: [n ɔj z i] * mrs: [mʲ ɪ s ɪ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʃ * Occurrences: 5340 * Examples * shea: [ʃ i ə] * shute: [ʃ ʉː t] * shape: [ʃ ej p] * shard: [ʃ ɑ ɹ d] * voiced * ʒ * Occurrences: 400 * Examples * asian: [ej ʒ ə n] * usual: [j ʉː ʒ ʊ ə ɫ] * niger: [ɲ iː ʒ ɛ ɹ] * zhang: [ʒ æ ŋ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * f * Occurrences: 5952 * Examples * frown: [f ɹ aw n] * fogs: [f ɒ ɡ z] * flows: [f l ow z] * farce: [f ɑ ɹ s] * fʲ * Occurrences: 1596 * Examples * fifty: [fʲ ɪ fʲ i] * sofia: [s ow fʲ i ə] * feral: [fʲ ɪ ɹ ə ɫ] * fiske: [fʲ ɪ s k] * voiced * v * Occurrences: 4435 * Examples * vonda: [v ɑ n d ə] * ovum: [ow v ə m] * avon: [ej v ɑ n] * gov: [ɡ ɐ v] * vʲ * Occurrences: 1344 * Examples * jovi: [dʒ ow vʲ i] * viva: [vʲ iː v ə] * livin: [ʎ ɪ vʲ ɪ n] * bevy: [b ɛ vʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * θ * Occurrences: 1731 * Examples * swath: [s w ɑ θ] * sloth: [s l ɒ θ] * third: [θ ɝ d] * thump: [θ ɐ m p] * voiced * ð * Occurrences: 511 * Examples * thou: [ð ow] * their: [ð ɛ ɹ] * lathe: [l ej ð] * oaths: [ow ð z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 732 * Examples * haiti: [ç ej tʲ i] * hayat: [ç ej ɑ t] * hijab: [ç ɪ dʒ ɑː b] * hugh: [ç ʉː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 2888 * Examples * habit: [h æ bʲ ɪ t] * hawks: [h ɒː k s] * haiku: [h aj kʰ ʉ] * haunt: [h ɑː n t] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 3541 * Examples * whirr: [w ɝ] * wall: [w ɒ ɫ] * winds: [w ɪ n d z] * will: [w ɪ ɫ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɹ * Occurrences: 27142 * Examples * tree: [tʲ ɹ iː] * bric: [b ɹ ɪ k] * cargo: [kʰ ɑ ɹ ɡ ow] * crust: [k ɹ ɐ s t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 750 * Examples * yorke: [j ɒ ɹ k] * y'all: [j ɑ ɫ] * yoo: [j ʉː] * unary: [j ʉː n ə ɹ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 178 * Examples * dad: [d æ ɾ] * mad: [m æ ɾ] * bid: [bʲ ɪ ɾ] * speed: [s pʲ iː ɾ] * ɾʲ * Occurrences: 132 * Examples * party: [pʰ ɑ ɹ ɾʲ i] * ready: [ɹ ɛ ɾʲ i] * lady: [l ej ɾʲ i] * patty: [pʰ æ ɾʲ i] * ɾ̃ * Occurrences: 77 * Examples * many: [m ɛ ɾ̃ i] * tryna: [tʃ ɹ aj ɾ̃ ə] * money: [m ɐ ɾ̃ i] * funny: [f ɐ ɾ̃ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Lateral` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * l * Occurrences: 8966 * Examples * clubs: [k l ɐ b z] * louse: [l aw s] * lordy: [l ɒ ɹ dʲ i] * lang: [l æ ŋ] * ɫ * Occurrences: 8548 * Examples * abdul: [ɑ b d ʊ ɫ] * gal: [ɡ æ ɫ] * hold: [h ow ɫ d] * kill: [cʰ ɪ ɫ] * ɫ̩ * Occurrences: 103 * Examples * usual: [j ʉː ʒ ʊ ɫ̩] * awful: [ɒ f ɫ̩] * devil: [d ɛ v ɫ̩] * april: [ej p ɹ ɫ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʎ * Occurrences: 7583 * Examples * lydia: [ʎ ɪ dʲ i ə] * flits: [fʲ ʎ ɪ t s] * ably: [ej bʲ ʎ i] * deli: [d ɛ ʎ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 12090 * Examples * study: [s t ɐ ɾʲ i] * habib: [h ə bʲ i b] * lucy: [ʎ ʉː s i] * marcy: [m ɑ ɹ s i] * iː * Occurrences: 4390 * Examples * liege: [ʎ iː ʒ] * heed: [ç iː d] * seat: [s iː t] * bea: [bʲ iː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʉ * Occurrences: 1573 * Examples * rheum: [ɹ ʉ m] * juno: [dʒ ʉ n ow] * capua: [kʰ æ pʰ ʉ ə] * matsu: [m æ t s ʉ] * ʉː * Occurrences: 3283 * Examples * usual: [j ʉː ʒ ʊ ə ɫ] * babu: [b ɑː b ʉː] * judeo: [dʒ ʉː dʲ iː ow] * noose: [n ʉː s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɪ * Occurrences: 34543 * Examples * amit: [ə mʲ ɪ t] * whims: [w ɪ m z] * irvin: [ɝ vʲ ɪ n] * gwilt: [ɟʷ ɪ ɫ t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʊ * Occurrences: 1782 * Examples * foot: [f ʊ t] * urine: [j ʊ ɹ ɪ n] * hooky: [h ʊ c i] * looks: [l ʊ k s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ej * Occurrences: 8507 * Examples * pepe: [pʰ ɛ p ej] * faint: [f ej n t] * raver: [ɹ ej v ɚ] * dene: [d ɛ ɲ ej] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ow * Occurrences: 6930 * Examples * hoped: [h ow p t] * roach: [ɹ ow tʃ] * koyo: [kʰ ow j ow] * holy: [h ow ʎ i] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ə * Occurrences: 33967 * Examples * josef: [dʒ ow s ə f] * abba: [æ b ə] * eaten: [iː t ə n] * regan: [ɹ ej ɡ ə n] * ɚ * Occurrences: 8257 * Examples * liner: [l aj n ɚ] * taker: [tʰ ej k ɚ] * peter: [pʰ iː t ɚ] * honor: [ɑ ɾ̃ ɚ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɛ * Occurrences: 14238 * Examples * renin: [ɹ ɛ ɲ ɪ n] * cents: [s ɛ n t s] * craig: [c ɹ ɛ ɡ] * met: [m ɛ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɝ * Occurrences: 2790 * Examples * lure: [l ɝ] * burt: [b ɝ t] * error: [ɝ ʔ ɚ] * furze: [f ɝ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * æ * Occurrences: 11327 * Examples * jammy: [dʒ æ mʲ i] * zante: [z æ n tʲ i] * cham: [cʰ æ m] * nat: [ɲ æ t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɐ * Occurrences: 5831 * Examples * flux: [f l ɐ k s] * skulk: [s k ɐ ɫ k] * nuts: [n ɐ t s] * mundy: [m ɐ n dʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɑ * Occurrences: 8299 * Examples * dom: [d ɑ m] * slobs: [s l ɑ b z] * tar: [tʰ ɑ ɹ] * rko: [ɑ ɹ cʰ ej ow] * ɑː * Occurrences: 1669 * Examples * dewan: [d ə w ɑː n] * swami: [s w ɑː mʲ i] * mario: [m ɑː ɹ i ow] * pshaw: [ʃ ɑː] * rounded * ɒ * Occurrences: 4200 * Examples * mambo: [m ɒ m b ow] * core: [kʰ ɒ ɹ] * atoll: [æ tʰ ɒ ɫ] * force: [f ɒ ɹ s] * ɒː * Occurrences: 1230 * Examples * gaunt: [ɡ ɒː n t] * glory: [ɡ l ɒː ɹ i] * shawn: [ʃ ɒː n] * aurum: [ɒː ɹ ə m] ``` `````` #### Diphthongs * {ipa_inline}`aj` * {ipa_inline}`aw` * {ipa_inline}`ej` * {ipa_inline}`ow` * {ipa_inline}`ɔj`